托福聽力強調/轉折原則實例分析
來源：互聯網
小編：環球教育整理 624例1According to the professor, when might stratigraphy provide misleading information about a portable object?
A. When the object has decomposed over time.
B. When the object is older than the site at which it was found.
C. When the object is found in the lowest soil layer of a site.
D. When the object was broken during excavation.
首先，定位原文。根據題目中提到的a portable object可以定位原文，That would be stratigraphy. Stratigraphy is used for dating portable art. When archaeologists are digging at a site, they make very careful notes about which stratum(strata), which layer of earth they find things in. And, you know, the general rule is that the oldest layers are at the lowest level. But this only works if the site hasn’t been touched, and the layers are intact. A problem with this dating method is that an object could have been carried around, used for several generations before it was discarded. So it might be much older than the layer or even the site where it was found.
其次，根據內容進行分析。But this only works， But(轉折關系的信號詞)表明stratigraphy 的適用是有條件的，只有該地未被動過時，用此方法測試時準確的。A problem with this dating method說明說這個方法的缺陷，被挖出來的物品很可能在它被丟棄在這里之前就已經被使用了很長一段時間了。it might be much older所以挖出來的物品可能比掩埋的土層時間更久遠。Stratigraphy 只能告訴我們物品至少有多少年歷史，而不是它真正的年代。因此出現物品可能比掩埋的土層時間更久遠時候就會出現錯誤的信息。因此答案為B選項。
最后，從上面的題目分析的過程中，我們可以發現，解題的關鍵就在but之后，因此我們可以知道轉折類的信號詞在文章中所起的作用，轉折類的信號詞既是提醒考生這是重點也是告訴考生這里要集中注意力進行聽。因此同學們最好能夠在記筆記的時候充分利用轉折列的信號詞，記錄關鍵信息進行答題，提高正確率。
例2While a lack of detail suggests a primitive style. But trends in art in the last century or so cer tainly challenge that idea. Don’t get me wrong though, analyzing the styles of prehistoric art can help dating them. But we need to be careful with the idea that artistic development occurs in a straight line, from simple to complex representations.
本段的內容主要說的是對某一種史前藝術品的類型或者發展狀態，我們可能有各種各樣的先入為主的成見。比如說，很多人認為精細的文物只可能是出自熟練的工匠之手，而粗糙、缺乏精細度的作品的時代則可能比較原始。But trends in art in the last century or so cer tainly challenge，從上個世紀甚至早些的藝術趨勢來看，這種觀念受到了挑戰。分析史前文物當然可以幫助我們確定它的時代。But we need to be careful with the idea that artistic development occurs in a straight line,但是我們必須要摒除藝術品單線發展，即所有藝術品都是從原始到復雜，從粗糙到精細這樣的成見。
因此題目中說到對于通過藝術風格判斷藝術品的年代，教授是什么態度，文章中用兩個轉折信號詞but表明作者對這種斷代方法感到疑惑。因此可以看出轉折類的信號詞對于聽力的答題和文章的理解來說都有很大的作用。
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