自學(xué)托福輕松上百-綜合口語
來源：新浪博客
小編：環(huán)球教育整理 612女中音走起：Diffusion is the process 小停頓 whereby something cultural, 大喘氣 like a custom, a type of food or an invention, is spread from one group to another 停頓 or from one society to another. 這句話要重復(fù)一遍看上去挺不容易，但是仔細(xì)看看，你會發(fā)現(xiàn)，其實(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)特別簡單，縮寫起來就成了：Diffusion is this process: something cultural is spread from one place to another. 以后考場上直接可以用這招，但是如果暫時運(yùn)用不起來，我們還是繼續(xù)練鸚鵡，體會口語之美。說話，看著天空，再來一遍。
下面的停頓和節(jié)點(diǎn)都用 “ / ” 來表示吧，簡潔美觀些。
One group adopts a cultural item, / or more selectively just part of a cultural item / of another group. You see? Now diffusion can occur through a variety of ways, / military conquest or / tourism, or / even something like the influence of satellite TV shows around the world. 按照前幾段的方法試著自己完整說一遍，要誠實(shí)，朗讀的不算，畢竟朗讀只練嘴皮子并不真的練腦子。這句話縮寫起來就是：One group adopts an advantage from another group. This process can occur through many ways.
女中音lecturer講到這里，其實(shí)總結(jié)起來就是：The lecturer talked about a particular cultural process, diffusion. It is a process whereby a group adopt an advantage, something cultural, from another group. The process can occur through many ways. 大家有自己喜歡的版本也可以，根據(jù)語速而定，語速如果慢到上面這段話15秒講不完的話，那就說The lecturer talked about a particular cultural process, diffusion. 就行了。
下面進(jìn)入了例子大甩賣：
For example, take something like reading a modern newspaper here in the US, have you ever thought about where the letters, the characters on the page are reading， Where they came from? 好好學(xué)習(xí)ETS考官們提問時候賤賤的語調(diào)，非常有幫助，而且往往Q6往往沒有學(xué)生在音頻中鳥他/她，lecturer只能默默自問自答：They were borrowed from another culture many centuries ago. Then the printing of the words, / well / that process was invented in Germany, and finally / the paper itself. Paper was invented in China. / These innovations from the all over the world were shared across cultures over time and so / today we have newspapers in the US. So the process of diffusion might take place over long distances / and over long periods of time. 這段話模仿下來至少得要10分鐘。復(fù)述成功的標(biāo)志是：你能連貫地說下來，遺漏一些over long distance之類的周邊詞不用在意。這段理解起來應(yīng)該都木有問題吧，這就相當(dāng)于都教授把炸雞帶給了全球，于是我們可以啃著披薩吃炸雞的效果是一樣一樣的。
繼續(xù)跟蹤音頻：Now I am not saying that diffusion happens easily. As I mentioned, sometimes, it’s selective. 女中音話鋒一轉(zhuǎn)，說這也不是輕巧的事兒，不是啥都可以傳。For instance, many people in the US have accepted the practice of acupuncture. The Chinese practice of using needles to cure a disease or relieve pain. So lots of people in the US have realized that / acupuncture is effective. But few of them / fully understand or have committed themselves to the philosophy behind acupuncture. Cultures tend to resist ideas which seem too foreign, / too different from their own beliefs and values. But the ideas which aren’t perceived as too different are often incorporated, / absorbed, / diffused into their culture. So the practice of acupuncture has been absorbed into US culture / but not the philosophy of Chinese medicine.這段的模仿中注意acupuncture， philosophy等的發(fā)音。
就這么練，三篇以后就會發(fā)現(xiàn)非常震驚的差異。
下面來看(3)60秒說不滿。(4)60秒說不完。
其實(shí)按照上一步的練習(xí)做完以后不會存在60秒說不滿的問題，而是妥妥滴60秒說不完，最好能有100秒+才說得爽。這時候就應(yīng)該練習(xí)概述。如何概述呢，一是把具象的詞兒用大類的詞兒代替，二是舍去多余的細(xì)節(jié)，把用or連接的幾種同義表述刪除，lecturer當(dāng)時會這么說主要是擔(dān)心學(xué)生聽不懂，這么想想是不是覺得lecturer還是挺善良的。比如上面的第二個例子，典型的可以被扔掉的細(xì)節(jié)就是：The Chinese practice of using needles to cure a disease or relieve pain. 如果刪除了細(xì)節(jié)信息以后還是沒法脫口而出，那么就回到我們對付獨(dú)立題的那個方法，中文能說出來嗎?中文意思捋順了應(yīng)該就是“好多美國人現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)接受了針灸術(shù)，但是很少美國人理解針灸原理。這是因?yàn)獒樉脑砼c美國人的認(rèn)知太不同，而這種太不同的東東，文化往往會抵制。“盡管這個表述中有些信息的刪除，但是達(dá)意已經(jīng)完全做到了，大栗子的精華都在。腦中一轉(zhuǎn)化就成了Now many people in the US have accepted the practice of acupuncture. But few of them fully understand the philosophy behind the practice. It’s because the philosophy is too different from their beliefs and values. And cultures tend to resist ideas which seem too foreign. 重點(diǎn)是保持句子都是正確的，達(dá)意清晰的，用短句也可以高分。
