雅思閱讀選擇題考查細(xì)節(jié)時 你該怎么做？
來源：環(huán)球教育北京學(xué)校
小編：環(huán)球教育整理 290雅思閱讀選擇題常常帶給我們的感覺：哇哦!定位到了!
A.和文章中的題目好像耶!
B.跟原文說的是一個意思吧!?
C.壓根兒找不著好吧。
D.好多生詞哦，讀不懂。
嗯......原文重現(xiàn)不要選，排除A。C毫無依據(jù)也排除掉。選D的話難以安慰我對未知事物的恐懼感。所以，選B沒錯了!于是心情舒暢，感覺人生到達(dá)了巔峰。
對答案，答案選C!!!頓時懷疑人生，該不會是答案給錯了吧!?
當(dāng)然了答案是不會錯的，錯就錯在雅思閱讀選擇題選項中存在太多的陷阱和誘惑，讓人迷失自己，看不清真相。
今天北京環(huán)球教育高琰老師就來告訴大家真正的真相：做好選擇題，關(guān)鍵在于區(qū)分好題目是考查細(xì)節(jié)還是主旨!
選擇題真相之一：考查細(xì)節(jié)的選擇
考查細(xì)節(jié)的選擇題定位到出處，答案往往在定位句，不會跑的太遠(yuǎn)，如果你選的答案發(fā)現(xiàn)離定位處有點(diǎn)距離，不好意思，你極有可能選擇了干擾項!
話不多說，先上一道題目：
(C7T1R3Q27)
The book Educating Psyche is mainly concerned with
A.the power o f suggestion in learning.
B.a particular technique for learning based on emotions.
C.the effects of emotion on the imagination and the unconscious.
D.ways of learning which are not traditional.
文章出處(第一段)：
Educating Psyche by Bernie Neville is a book which looks at radical new approaches to learning, describing the effects of emotion, imagination and the unconscious on learning. One theory discussed in the book is that proposed by George Lozanov, which focuses on the power of suggestion.
這道題目定位不難，存在斜體Educating Psyche，原文重現(xiàn)。
有多數(shù)的同學(xué)會選C，因?yàn)榕c原文好像哦：
C.the effects of emotion on the imagination and the unconscious.
原文：describing the effects of emotion, imagination and the unconscious on learning.(有沒有想過答案果真如此一致，雅思是來考眼神兒的嗎?你讓那些帶著600度眼鏡的學(xué)霸們情何以堪?!)
同時有不少同學(xué)會選A，原文有表達(dá)同樣的意思喲：
A.the power o f suggestion in learning.
原文：One theory discussed in the book is that proposed by George Lozanov, which focuses on the power of suggestion.
嗯......同學(xué)們錯的有理有據(jù)，正確答案選D!
來來來，分析一下：
首先題目的題干是：這本書Educating Psyche主要是關(guān)于什么的。
細(xì)節(jié)or主旨?
試問一本書的的主要內(nèi)容會因?yàn)橐黄恼碌囊枚淖儐?
若是，試問如此一本立場不堅定的書是如何混到雅思界的?!
所以這道題目與主旨無關(guān)，是考查細(xì)節(jié)的。按這樣的邏輯，答案就在定位詞附近。
我們先來看看定位詞所在的這句話：
Educating Psyche by Bernie Neville is a book which looks at radical new approaches to learning, describing the effects of emotion, imagination and the unconscious on learning.
看到這里，有同學(xué)就跳出來說，對呀，就是C呀!
但是同學(xué)們，沒有看見嗎，C是考官做過手腳的，特點(diǎn)是咋看與文章大程度一致，細(xì)看細(xì)節(jié)處有出入，這就是考官慣用的伎倆!
這句話還有一部分：
Educating Psyche by Bernie Neville is a book which looks at radical new approaches to learning，
這里的looks at 和 is concerned with同義替換;radical可能不認(rèn)識，但new 大家都認(rèn)識吧，“新的”和“not traditional(非傳統(tǒng)的)”對應(yīng);同時ways of learning和approaches to learning完美改寫，所以答案選D。
至于A嘛，根本就是答非所問，與問題無關(guān)。
發(fā)現(xiàn)了嗎，答案就在定位詞Educating Psyche后面，我們卻總匆匆錯過，還在遙遠(yuǎn)的地方滿世界找答案!
我們可以再來看一道題目：
(C10T2R3Q35)
The writer says that unlike other forms of art, a painting does not
A.involve direct contact with an audience.
B.require a special location for a performance.
C.need the involvement of other professionals.
D.have a special beginning or end.
首先，看一看題目是細(xì)節(jié)還是主旨。雖然題目開始就說“The writer says that......”，但并不一定意味著這是一道主旨題(要知道整篇文章都是作者說的)。
判斷主旨與細(xì)節(jié)，最關(guān)鍵的是看連接題干與選項的動作或連詞是與具體對象還是作者直接有關(guān)!
這里的 does not 顯然是 painting 發(fā)出的動作，所以回到原文只要定位出“unlike other forms of art，a painting怎樣怎樣的”，答案就呼之欲出了!
原文：
This is particularly distressing because time seems to be a vital factor in the appreciation of all art forms. A fundamental difference between paintings and other art forms is that there is no prescribed time over which a painting is viewed. By contrast, the audience encourage an opera or a play over a specific time, which is the duration of the performance. Similarly novels and poems are read in a prescribed temporal sequence, whereas a picture has no clear place at which to start viewing, or at which to finish. Thus art works themselves encourage us to view them superficially, without appreciating the richness of detail and labour that is involved.
原文可定位到兩處出處：
1.A fundamental difference between paintings and other art forms is that there is no prescribed time over which a painting is viewed.
2.Similarly novels and poems are read in a prescribed temporal sequence, whereas a picture has no clear place at which to start viewing, or at which to finish.
第1處，可見是與時間有關(guān)，選項只有D與時間有關(guān);第2處，直接與D同義替換，相當(dāng)明顯!兩處均可做出該題目。
至于這個段落其他地方說的啥，我們才不管呢，想干擾我們，誘惑我們，沒門!
那么區(qū)分開考查細(xì)節(jié)與主旨題目的意義何在呢?
首先，一個段落的細(xì)節(jié)與主旨不一定是沖突的，但對于考查細(xì)節(jié)的題目，所談?wù)摰募?xì)節(jié)或題目所提問細(xì)節(jié)的角度，不一定與段落主旨方向一致或相關(guān)(不要忘了為了支持自己的觀點(diǎn)，作者也有可能舉反例)。
區(qū)分開考查細(xì)節(jié)與主旨題目的意義在于降低錯誤選項的干擾。
我們之所容易被干擾項干擾，主要是因?yàn)樽x到了細(xì)節(jié)之外的內(nèi)容(往往是作者進(jìn)一步論證延伸的部分)，不知不覺被其說服，以為就是答案。當(dāng)我們確認(rèn)了細(xì)節(jié)題目，就會有意識地不被無關(guān)信息干擾，著重理解定位詞所在的1～3句話，快狠準(zhǔn)地找到答案。
講了那么多，我們來練習(xí)一下吧!
以下是劍5 Test1Reading passage 3的一道題目，看一看使用今天的技巧有沒有簡單很多。
36.The writer suggests that newspapers print items that are intended to
A.educate readers.
B.meet their readers' expectations.
C.encourage feedback from readers.
D.mislead readers.
原文：
A third source of confusion is the attitude of the media. People are clearly more curious about bad news than good. Newspapers and broadcasters are there to provide what the public wants. That, however, can lead to significant distortions of perception. An example was America’s encounter with El Ni?o in 1997 and 1998. This climatic phenomenon was accused of wrecking tourism, causing allergies, melting the ski-slopes and causing 22 deaths. However, according to an article in the Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, the damage it did was estimated at US $4 billion but the benefits amounted to some US $19 billion. These came from higher winter temperatures (which saved an estimated 850 lives, reduced heating costs and diminished spring floods caused by meltwaters).
