托福閱讀中句子的結構解析
來源：互聯網
小編：環球教育整理 4842、形容詞性從句=定語從句
引導詞
(1) that / which / who(whom)(代詞性)
(2) whose / when / where(非代詞性)
結構
that / which / who(whom)=S+VO=a.
This is pig that / which is very fat.
(1) that / which / who(whom)=O+SV=a.
因為代詞性的引導詞可以充當主語或賓語
This is the pig that/which I ate.(作賓語可省略引)
This is the pig from which I make fun.
引導詞前的介詞取決于后面的動詞
this is the pig,which is very fast
this is the pig, (which)I ate.
This is the pig, from which I make fun.
(2) whose / when / where(非代詞性)+SVO=a.
The book, whose cover is red, is quite interesting.
This is the place where(=in which 定語從句) I grew up. When 用在后面也可能是狀從,也有可能是定從。
※具體分析舉例
In his hypothesis that he developed based on it……
看上去該句的based 是一個n-ed的形式，但是她又是修飾誰呢?In his hypothesis() he developedthat based on it….
因此可以看出，based 修飾that，而在此句中，that指代 hypothesis.
※形容詞性從句的省略
當that / which在定語從句中充當賓語時，可將其省略。
This is the pig that/which I ate.
This is the pig I ate.
當that / which在定語從句中充當主語時，且從句的謂語動詞為be動詞時，可將其同時省略。
The house, which was built in 1919,was destroyed.
The house, built in 1919,was destroyed.
※個別情況下，which / as在引導定語從句時，也指代前面整個一句話。
As the plates drifted, they may have diverged, which(指代前面一句話) was associated withthe spread of the seafloor, or they may have converged, which(指代前面一句話) resulted incollision, subduction, and mountain building.
※系表倒裝
主系表結構 變成 表系主 結構成為系表倒裝只限于介詞詞組在句首時
1、My hometown lies in Jilin province.
In Jilin province lies my hometown.
2、A,B,C….are among the species of seabirds.
Among the species of seabird are A,B,C….
3、副詞性從句 = 狀語從句
引導詞 when / though / while / although……
結構 when+s’+v’+adj/v-ing/v-ed,SVO.
When he was young, Jack was always beaten by his father.
省略的條件 s’=S v’=be
省略 When young, Jack was always beaten by his father.
省略 Other(聯系同一類的名詞，也就是說前面提到了chemical defenses) possible chemical defenses, while (they are 省略) not directly toxic to the parasite, may inhibit some essential step in the establishment of a parasitic relationship. For example, glycol proteins in plant cell walls may inactivate enzymes the degrade cell walls.
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