3招輕松推斷托福閱讀答案
來源：互聯網
小編：環球教育整理 312托福考試一個很重要的方面就是考察學生的思維能力，即邏輯性，在很多時候，抓住了閱讀文章字里行間的邏輯，就可以輕松排除錯誤選項，快速地選出正確答案。
第一招 把握大基調
所謂把握大基調，說白了，就是當作者在討論一個東西的時候，要先明確褒貶喜惡，到底是在說它的好處還是劣勢，這種基調尤其體現在對比之中。
舉個例子
比如閱讀原文中有這樣這段話：
German printers had the disadvantage of working with the complex typeface that the Italians sneeringly referred to as "Gothic" and that later became known as black letter. Outside Germany, readers found this typeface disagreeable. The Italians, on the other hand, had a clear typeface known as roman that became the type of the future.
分析
不難發現，前面討論德國的Gothic字體時，出現了disadvantage， sneeringly ，disagreeable這樣的字眼，而討論到意大利的Roman字體時，用了on the other hand這樣的對比詞。由此可見，大基調是：Gothic不好，Roman好。
關于Gothic字體，有這么一道推斷題：
Which of the following can be inferred from paragraph 4 about the “Gothic” typeface used in Germany?
A. It was adopted by the Italians when they hired two leading German printers
B. It was more difficult to read than roman typeface
C. It was easier to print than other styles of typeface
D. It was widely popular with international readers
掌握大基調后，再看選項，ACD是不是可以輕松地排除了呢?被意大利人嗤之以鼻的字體，自然不會被意大利人使用，人家用的是自己引以為豪的Roman體;文中討論的是Gothic不好的地方，自然也不會選到easier to print/wildly popular這樣的褒義詞。不難選出B選項。
第二招 抓準邏輯詞
抓準邏輯詞非常關鍵，它代表了行文結構的邏輯關系，這方面在句子簡化題和修辭目的題上尤為重要。因為這兩類題型的邏輯性很強，而選項中也會有明顯的邏輯詞，當抓住邏輯詞后，就可以根據邏輯詞輕松地排除明顯錯誤的選項，提高做題速度和準確率。
拿一個修辭目的題為例：
Why does the author provide the information in paragraph 4 that the commercial classes never exceeded 10 percent of the population?
A. To argue that the wealth created by the commercial revolution benefited only a small number of people
B. To challenge the view that the commercial classes made up a majority of the population of Europe
C. To suggest a reason that the commercial revolution ended around A. D. 1300
D. To emphasize the point that the commercial revolution was brought about by a small part of the population
分析
根據10percent定位到文中這段話：
In the long run, the commercial revolution of the High Middle Ages (AD 1000-1300) brought about radical change in European society. One remarkable aspect of this change was that the commercial classes constituted a small part of the total population—never more than 10 percent. They exercised an influence far in excess of their numbers.
這段話是對commercial revolution 帶來的變化的敘述：這一商業改革是由不到10%的人口帶來的，這小部分人帶來了巨大的影響。
這段話基本平鋪直敘，沒有明顯的因果、駁斥，所以回顧選項的時候，只要抓住B和C中的邏輯詞challenge the view/suggest a reason就可以直接排除了。再根據commercial revolution與這10%的人的邏輯關系，到底是benefit還是brought about by，選出D選項。
第三招 理清文章脈絡
總結題以及段落修辭目的題考察對整段話或整篇文章的理解，這就要求分析整段話或全篇的結構，這就要抓住各段落的topic sentence以及全篇的thesis statement。
再舉個例子
以TPO49的第三篇閱讀為例，有一道修辭目的題問全篇的組織形式：
The author presents information in the passage mainly by
A. Contrasting the development of industrialism in different countries
B. Explaining a new theory about the origins of the Industrial Revolution
C. Analyzing the consequences of European industrialism
D. Explaining the reasons why industrialism began in Great Britain
分析
分析全文可知，第一段討論了工業革命的根源之一是商業革命，二至四段討論了英國的三個優勢，第五段討論了工業革命的先驅之一——農業革命，第六段接著第五段的內容討論了圈地運動促進農業發展。
由此可見，整篇文章是討論工業革命發生的背景，其中重點介紹了在英國開展的原因。理清了脈絡，就能抓住邏輯了：各段落內容與工業革命是因果關系。而選項中，A: contrast; B: explain a new theory; C: analyzing the consequences 明顯與邏輯不符，可以快速地選出D：explaining the reasons。
綜上所述，抓準托福閱讀中的邏輯的技巧就是把握大基調，抓準邏輯詞，理清行文脈絡。掌握這些技巧，有助于理解文章，更加快速準確地選出答案。
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